4/30/2023 0 Comments Enzymex adapter sequenceThe latter is preferred in simple PCR analyses and DNA cloning, for its low frequency of mutation during PCR amplification. There is also clear discrimination between the ordinary type of DNA polymerase (such as Taq DNA polymerase, Takara, Kusatsu, Japan) and high-fidelity type of DNA polymerase (such as KOD DNA polymerase, Toyobo, Osaka, Japan). Primers are designed so that they are complementary to the target DNA sequences of PCR amplification. Primers, typically around 20-bases long oligo DNAs, are used to initiate PCR reactions. Uracil (U) base is not ordinally found in DNA but in RNA. C, G, T, and A are often simply called as cytosine, guanine, thymine and adenine for their names of base residues. Deoxycytidine (C) and deoxyguanosine (G) are complementary to each other, and thymidine (T) and deoxyadenosine (A) are complementary to each other. The attached nucleotides are selected so that they are complementary to the other DNA strand. After DNA melting and primer annealing, DNA is elongated by the nucleotides attached to 3' hydroxyl groups of DNA end. Nonetheless, the modes of its reactions should be remembered to fully understand the analytical methods using PCR reactions. The principles of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are well known, and they are written in the textbooks. This review will focus on the properties of adaptor DNAs, and will introduce how these short synthetic DNAs help analysis of DNA sequences. For these variety of analytical purposes, PCR method is often combined with the other DNA-related methods such as sequence-dependent DNA digestion with restriction enzymes, bisulfite reaction of genomic DNA for estimation of cytosine methylation, and usage of adaptor DNA for advanced analyses. Thus, PCR is quite frequently used for determination of gene alleles and to identify nucleotide sequences of genes. By using gene-specific primers, a small single region in the huge genomic DNA is selectively amplified by PCR. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a popular analytical method in genetics of organisms. DNA Adaptor Technology as PCR Application
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